This wonderful small growing orchid is native to Madagascar where it grows in the central region as an epiphyte in trees or on rocks in open woodland or among bushes. This habitat is semi-shaded and we find that our plant really enjoys living high in the greenhouse in really good light. Since moving to Portland and increasing light levels the plant has turned fro a single lead into a multi stemmed plant and in a couple of years we expect it to become a real specimen.
In the wild plants are reported from 1500 to 2200m so plants like cool temperatures meaning our Cloud Forest greenhouse is perfect. Unlike most of our 'cloud forest' plants Angreacum rutenburgianum experiences a distinct winter dry period and we see root tips active only between March and September so keep our plant distinctly dryer in in the winter.
Masdevallia pachyantha is a delightful miniature Masdevallia endemic to Colombia where it grows in cool cloud forests from 2900 to 3600m. This is a higher altitude than that of many of the Masdevallias we grow and so we keep Masdevallia pachyantha on lower shelves in the greenhouse to avoid heat stress, although we have not noticed adverse affects in any of the past three summers.
Our cloud forest greenhouse where we keep our Masdevallias has a minimum temperature of 12C and in the summer is shaded with two or three layers of green 40% shade net. We water pots at least every other day and so plants are never allowed to dry out completely.
Flowers last approximately a month and have a rather pleasent fruity smell.
We have just finished setting up our diplay at Gardener's World Live (at the NEC) and will share photos tomorrow when the show opens.
We have more than 50 different orchid species on our display and one of them is the lovely Rhynchostele cordata.
Rhychostele cordata is named for its beautiful heart shaped lip, a really charismatic feature of this lovely species. The flowers have heavy spotting on the lateral sepals contrasting with the mostly pure coloured sepals (apart from the striping at their base). Plants are compact and produce flower spikes around 60cm long with 10 to 12 long lasting flowers.
Rhychostele cordata is found from Mexico through Central America to Venezuela in cloud forests from 1900 to 3000m and so is happy grown really cool in our Himalayas greenhouse (min 7C) wet in the summer and much dryer in the winter.
This is one of our plants that has chenged its name several times during our orchid growing. I first knew it in the 1970s as Odontoglossum cordatum but happily renamed it in the 1990s to Lemboglossum cordatum before molecular analysis settled as one of the 17 species in its current genus Rhnchostele.
We are well known for growing miniature orchids but we do also grow a few monster orchids including this dramatic species from Central America.
Sobralia leucoxantha is a terrestirial species that grows in open woodland from Southern Mexico through Central America. The species is found fup to 1000m altitude and so enjoys warm temperatures and we grow the species indoors in a sunny room near the window but in a little shade.
The flowers are enormous, about 20cm across and are produced terminally on long thin canes up to 2m long (a bit of a challenge for a house plant!
The flowers only last a couple of days but each cane produces three or four flowers over a period of 6 weeks or so.
This small growing Masdevallia is endemic to Bolivia where it grows in cool wet mountain forests at 1800 to 2000m.
Masdevallia exquisitor is closely related to Masdevallia paivaeana (below) and but is destinguished by its larger paler flowers, the distinct red blotch at the centre of the flowers, longer tails and a lot less hairs on the sepals.
Both species are vigorous and floriferous plants that flourish in our cloud forests greenhouse (min 12C) and also grow well indoors on a shady windowsill.
We are well known for our miniature orchids and one of the most dramatic (as long as you have good eye sight, a magnifying glass or zoom on your phone) is Stelis ornata.
The species is named for the unusual white threads that decorate the edges of the flower which otherwise has adopted a very fashionable animal print.
Plants are tiny with 2cm leaves and thin flower spikes up to 5cm long that flower successively with relatively large flowers about 1cm across.
Stelis ornata is native to cool wet mountain forests in Mexico and we find it loves our cloud forest greenhouse (min 12C) either in pots or mounted like this one.
We are very excited at the nursery after spotting the first bee orchid to flower in our meadow.
We are working to restore our field to traditional Portland limestone grassland. When we moved in three and half years ago the field was dense scrub and our management has been to clear the scrub (apart from scrub island we are leaving), sowing Dorset limestone grassland seed and then doing hay cut in August followed by cuts to replicate winter grazing in October and again in December.
This simple approach has led to the blossuming of extraordinary diversity including four blue butterfly species, glow worms, reptiles and this week our first Bee Orchid.
We weren't expecting bee orchids to appear for at least five years from the start of habitat restoration and so it was wonderful to spot this beyond the glasshouses today in an area only cleared two years ago.
We do have the advantage of low nutrient calcereous soil from past grassland management of the site overlying limestone and lots of wild areas with bee orchids within a few hundred yards of our meadow.
We will record numbers of flowering plants in the years ahead.
This week the greenhouse belongs to Dendrobium nobile and we have two of our larger specimens flowering together.
Dendrobium nobile is one of our favourite species. Its large and striking flowers are as arresting in the greenhouse as they are in the forests of Sikkim (see wild plants below) where it is the state flower.
The white flowered clone is var. virginalis is particularly floriferous. Plants develop groups of flowers produced all along the pseudobulbs that grew during the summer of 2024. The 2025 bulbs are the ones with fresh green leaves and these will flower next spring. If you look closely at the wild plants on their tree in Sikkim the newest bulbs (non-flowering) grow vertically, the previous year's growths are the ones with the flowers on and are roughly horizontal while older non-flowering bulbs become pendulous. This interesting growth habit is a reason why we don't stake our plants alowing them to adopt their natural habit.
The wild plants in Sikkim also show a wide range of colour forms and this one tree demonstrates the variability of the species with dark forms, light forms, rounded flowers and more pointed flowers. (see below) The tree also shows the habitat clearly with plants growing in dappled shade from tall trees and a little moss on the trunk showing that the dry season is far from bone dry here. In fact we found that it rains every few days in the dry season at this altitude 1200m.
In cultivation we grow the species in both our Himalayan greenhouse (minimum 7C) which is a little cooler in winter than the natural habitat but providing we keep the plants wet in summer and just damp in winter (never allowing bulbs to shrivel) they grow and flower wonderfully.
Do visit Sikkim if you get the chance, and find this lovely species in flower on trees along the roadside in April and May.
Bletilla striata is lovely terrestrial native to Southern China, Myanmar, Japan and Korea. It grows in open temperate woodland. This is found high in mountains in the south of its range and at lower elevations in the north of its range. We have explored Himalayan temperate forests in Arunachal Pradesh where several uk garden plants can be seen growing in natural splendour. Bletilla straita is therefore a hardy orchid and can certainly take a touch of frost (min -5) and we have friens in Dorset who successfully leave their plants in the ground all year or simply lift and store tubers each winter (like Dahlia tubers). We treat plants as very cool greenhouse plants and growing under glass gives the advantage of easy replication of the wet summers and dryer winters plants recieve in their natural habitats.
Given a little care this species is very easy to grow and multiplies quickly.
We have thousand of seedlings of Bletilla striata in our propagation lab and so are hoping to have seedlings available soon.
Phalaenopsis aphrodite has been used extensively in the breeding of Phalaenopsis hybrids as house plants. It is a robust and forgiving species with stunning white flowers and a lovely arching flower spike. We are fans of the species which retains really charm.
Phalaenopsis aphrodite was previously described as native to the Philippines and Taiwan but recently the Taiwan form has been separated as Phalaenopsis formosana. The two forms can be identified by the general reduction of red pigment in Phalaenopsis formosana giving apple green leaves and almost no red on the lip.
Looking at our form it fits well with the Philippines form and so we are happy with sticking to Phalaenopsis aphrodite.
Phalaenopsis aphrodite is another lowland forest Phalaenopsis but is found from sea level right up to 1000m suggesting a little cool tolerance.
We find the species very straight forward to grow indoors and are please to be propagating the species from seed.
We have some lovely Phalaenopsis species in flower this week and most impresive is our specimen plant of Phalaenopsis bastianii.
This species produces long flower spikes that flower for repeatedly for several years and so our large plant has four branched flower spikes in flower. The flowers themselves are 3cm across and brightly coloured.
Phalaenopsis bastianii is native to warm lowland forests in the Philippines from sea level up to 600m and so we grow plants indoors in our IKEA cabinets (min 17C)
We have pollinated flowers and hope to have seedlings in two years.
This miniature masdevallia has very attractive rounded flowers that are surprisingly large for the sze of the plant
Masdevallis persicina is endemic to Ecuador where it is reported growing in cloud forests from 1500-1600m and we find that it ejoys a shady spot low down in our Cloud Forests greenhouse (min 12C)
We grow plants mounted which seems to suit their growing requirements and shows of the flowers on their short stems.
The lip on this species is quite large and the bright red dot at the end of the lip is really lovely. The colour palette is reminiscent of a tequila sunrise (if anyone else
remembers cocktails of the 1980s)
We are looking forward to seeing this plant as a specimen when we expect the flowers to hide the leaves.
We have seen this dramatic little Dendrobium growing in open woodland in Southern Laos at around 1000m elevation. It is a floriferous species that flowers as a very yopung plant with really bright orange flowers and an unusual veined lip.
The natural habitat experiences wet summers and a long dry season in the winter which starts with a winter cool dry season followed by a hot dry season just before the rains arrive. To accomodate these conditions we move plants around - they love the roof of our cloud foresta greenhouse in the summer and we leave them their until January to get a cool dry period. We then move them indoors to warm them up and this induces flowering.
We grow plants mounted as their small size really works on a mount. Mounting also allows us to water heavily in the summer without the roots getting soggy, and dry plants out well in the winter dry season.
We have many tiny orchids in our collection but this is one of the most freely flowering mini miniatures.
Anathallis aristulata is really tiny with leaves around a cm long and thin flower stems with one or two delightful creamy yellow flowers 5mm long. The name aristulata means 'spiky' which is a great way to describe the flowers with their thin pointed petals, sepals that hide a little lip that is rounder and a darker yellow. As you can see from the photograph a plant the size of my finger nail has 26 flowers and buds - amazing.
Anathalis aristulata is native to brazil where it grows in wet forests from 200-1600m including those we have explored around Macae de Cima in Rio State. The species has fleshy leaves and unusually for such a tiny plant enjoys relatively good light.
We grow all of our Anathallis species mounted on cork bark to show of their delightful growth habit. We keep plants in our cloud forests greenhouse (min 12C) although plants would be happy warmer. We water plants daily and twice a day in warm weather.